The first requirement is for the original information energy (such as that of the human voice, or music, or a telegraph signal) to be converted into electrical form to produce an electrical information signal. This is achieved by a suitable transducer, which is a general term given to any device that converts energy from one  form to another when required.

                                             Figure 1. Basic requirements for a one-way line telecommunication channel

In a line telecommunication system (Figure 1), the electronic signal is passed to the destination by a wire or cable link, with the energy traveling at a speed of up to 60 % that of light. At the destination, a second transducer converts the electronic signal back into the original energy form. The amplifiers do not change the signal but to increase the power level of signals to compensate for losses encountered.

                     Figure 2. Basic requirements for one-way radio telecommunication channel

Modulation of Telecommunication  Signals

As described earlier modulation of signal is required because original audio frequency is not suitable for direct transmission which due to its long wavelength and low signal strength characteristic which in turn will require impractical size of antenna used. Modulation is then the process of translating the audio frequencies to a higher level frequencies that is suitable for transmission.  

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